Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care (21) their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who (22) with their parents (23) 65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live (24).
What explains these differences in living arrangements (25) cultures? Modernization theory (26) the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people (27) in (28) rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized, (29) a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain (30) living arrangements.
Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance (31). (32) this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then (33) their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, (34) broader social changes brought (35) by industrialization and urbanization, have (36) the (37). In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did—a figure that is still high (38) U. S. standards, but which has been (39) steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are (40): the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.
21. [A] about [B] after [C] for [D] over
22. [A] reside [B] recite [C] redeem [D] rebel
23. [A] amasses [B] amounts [C] attains [D] reaches
24. [A] lone [B] alone [C] lonesome [D] lonely
25. [A] over [B] across [C] within [D] above
26. [A] associated [B] linked [C] united [D] combined
27. [A] aside [B] after [C] over [D] behind
28. [A] isolated [B] segregated [C] idealized [D] secluded
29. [A] maintain [B]promote [C]reserve[D]support
30. [A] appointed [B] assigned [C]preserved [D] preferred
31. [A] controls [B] overtakes [C] predominates [D] overwhelms
32. [A] at [B] under [C] by [D] over
33. [A] delivers [B] conveys [C]conceives [D] inherits
34. [A] as well as [B] might as well [C] as well [D] well as
35. [A] off [B] up [C] around [D] about
36. [A] undermined [B] decreased [C] diminished [D] defeated
37. [A] authority [B] usage [C] habit [D] tradition
38. [A] by [B] on [C] with [D] in
39. [A] inclining [B] reclining [C] declining [D] reducing
40. [A] receding [B] removing [C] invading [D] eroding
答案与解析 Keys and Explainations
21. [C] for
解析：In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care for their aged parents. 在美国，老年人很少和他们成年的子女居住在一起。但是在很多其他文化中，子女有责任赡养年老的父母。Care for有两个意思。
（1）喜欢。例如：
I don't care for tea.
我不喜欢喝茶。
（2）（本文所用的意思）照顾；照料；抚养
He's good at caring for sick animals.
他精心照料生病的牲畜。
22. [A] reside
解析：In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who reside with their parents reaches 65 to 70 percent. 在意大利的一些地区，和父母住在一起的成年子女比例达到了百分之六十五到七十。
reside住，居住。同根词有residence (居民) residency (居住，住处) residential (住宅的，居住的)
[B] recite
（1）背诵。例如：
recite a poem
背诵一首诗
（2）细述；列举。例如：
recite his complaints
详说他的抱怨
[C] redeem vt. 赎回, 挽回, 恢复, 补偿, 兑换
[D] rebel （1）造反；反叛；起义 （2）强烈反对
The students rebelled against their government.
学生们起来反抗他们的政府。
23. [D] reaches
解析：“到达”用reach。
如果用amount，后面必须加to。例如：
（与to连用） 等于；总计；合计；总计达
Their traveling expenses amount to seven hundred dollars.
他们的旅费共达700 美元。
Your words amount to a refusal.
你的话等于回绝了。
[A] amass vt. 收集, 积聚(尤指财富)
[C] attain vt. （经过努力）达到, 获得
24. [B] alone
解析：In Thailand, too, children are expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live alone.
在泰国也是这样，子女有责任照料年老的父母，泰国很少有老年人独居。
四个选项中，只有Alone，为副词，作状语，修饰动词live。其他三项，[A] lone [C] lonesome [D] lonely都是形容词。
25. [B] across
解析：What explains these differences in living arrangements across cultures?如何解释不同文化中居住方式的差异呢？
“不同文化间”的介词应该用across。
26. [B] linked
解析：Modernization theory linked the extended family household to low levels of economic development. “现代化理论”将大家族住在一起的居住方式和经济的落后联系在一起。
link常与together, to, with连用，表示“连接；将……与……相连”。例如：
The two towns are linked by a railway.
这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。
因为句子后面用的是to，因此唯一合适的只有link。
Associate一般和with连用。
27. [D] behind
解析：But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people behind in isolated rural areas.随着现代化的进程，孩子们都迁移到城市，将老年人留在了环境比较隔绝的农村。
Leave…behind: 将……留在身后
28. [A] isolated
解析：isolate: 使孤立；使隔离。例如：
The farm is isolated; the nearest house is 30 kilometers away.
这个农场与世隔绝，离它最近的住家在30公里以外。
[B] segregated 隔离的，一般仅用于“种族隔离”。
[C] idealized 理想的。
[D] secluded退隐的，隐居的；侧重“有意使自己与他人隔离”的意思。
29. [A] maintain
解析：Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized, maintain a strong tradition of intergenerational living.但是“现代化理论”却无法解释，为什么几代同堂的居住方式从来没有在美国和英国普遍存在，还有，已经完全现代化的意大利，仍然保留着几代人住在一起的传统。
因为需要填入的动词宾语是tradition，并且根据上下文的意思，该词的意思应该是“保留”。不该选promote，因为promote意为“推崇，提倡”，给人感觉是，这个传统以前在意大利不曾有过，而这是不符合事实的。Reserve意为“（为某种特别的目的而）储备，预备”，也不如maintain更恰当。
30. [D] preferred
解析：Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain preferred living arrangements. 显然，仅仅经济发展程度本身是无法解释人们的居住习惯的。
Preferred 此处作定语，perfer意为“更喜欢；宁愿”。
[A] appoint vt. 约定, 指定(时间,地点), 任命, 委任
[B] assign vt. 分配, 指派
[C]preserve vt. 保护, 保持, 保存, 保藏
31. [C] predominates
解析：predominate意为“（与over连用）统治；支配 ；占优势；居支配地位”。
[A] control vt. 控制, 支配, 管理(物价等), 操纵, 抑制。Control为及物动词，后面一般跟宾语。
[B] overtake vt. 赶上, 追上
[D] overwhelm vt. 淹没；覆盖；制服；控制；压倒；压服；击败
32. [B] under
解析：“在这样的制度中”：under such systems。
33. [D] inherits
解析：Under this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then inherits their property when they die.在这样的制度下，父母和已婚子女之一居住在一起，一般是他们的长子，等他们过世的时候，长子继承他们的财产。
四个选项中只有inherit有“继承”的意思。
34. [A] as well as
解析：The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, as well as broader social changes brought about by industrialization and urbanization, have undermined the tradition.
这种“继承”式的家庭模式一度在日本十分普遍。但是工业化和城市化带来的继承法的修改，以及社会各个层面的变革，都削弱了这一传统。 As well as: “以及”。在此处相当于coupled with。如果放在句尾，则用as well。
[B] might as well: 不妨。例如：
Since my husband won’t be home for another hour, I might as well do the laundry while waiting for him.
既然我老公一小时后才回家，我不妨一边等他，一边把衣服洗了。
35. [D] about
解析：bring about：带来（to cause to happen）。例如：
Science has brought about many changes in our lives.
科学给我们的生活带来了很多变化。
The increase in business activity was brought about by the fall in oil price.
油价的下跌带来了生意的兴旺。
[A] bring…off 成功地做。例如：
to bring off a big business deal做成了一笔生意
[B] bring up(1)教育；养育 (例如衍生出的名词upbringing为“教养”之意)
(2)提出；引出。例如：
Why did you bring that up?
你干吗提那件事呢？
[C] bring…(a)round: 说服某人。
I’m sure we’ll be able to bring him around to our point of view.
我肯定我们能说服他接受我们的观点。
36. [A] undermined
解析：“削弱”，选undermine最合适。
[B] decrease v. 减少；变少；降低
[C] diminish v. (使)减少, (使)变小
37. [D] tradition
解析：文化方面的“传统”一般用tradition。
38. [A] by
解析：In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did—a figure that is still high by U. S. standards, but which has been declining steadily.
在1960年，六十五岁以上的日本人，大约有百分之八十和他们的父母一起生活。到1990年，只有百分之六十了。按照美国的标准，这个数字仍然很大，但是它已经在稳步下降。
和……的标准相比较：by…standards
39. [C] declining
解析：decline下降；下滑；下倾。
[A] incline vt. 使倾向于, 使倾斜; vi. 倾向, 倾斜
[B] recline v. 靠；躺；倚
[D] reduce vt. 减少, 缩小，一般后面加宾语。
40. [D] eroding
解析：erode：vt. 侵蚀, 腐蚀, 使变化
vi. 受腐蚀, 逐渐消蚀掉
[A] recede v. 后退
[B] remove (1)（常与from连用）拿走；撤走，除去
to remove your hat
脱掉你的帽子
to remove a child from a class
把一个孩子从班上带走 (2)（与from连用）撤职，免职
[C] invade (1)侵略；侵占
The army invaded the town.
军队侵入了这个城市。
(2)涌入
a city invaded by tourists
挤满游客的城市
(3)侵犯；侵扰
to invade another person's rights
侵害他人的权益
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